The names al-Madīnah an-Nabawiyyah ( ٱلْمَدِيْنَة ٱلنَّبَوِيَّة) and Madīnat un-Nabī (both meaning "City of the Prophet" or "The Prophet's City") and al-Madīnat ul-Munawwarah ("The Enlightened City") are all derivatives of this word. The city has also simply been called Al-Madinah (i.e. The two names are combined in another name the city is known by, Taybat at-Tabah (the Kindest of the Kind). This name is also used to refer to the city in the popular folk song, " Ya Taybah!" (O Taybah!). Sometime after the battle, Muhammad renamed the city Taybah (the Kind or the Good) ( Arabic pronunciation: طَيْبَة) and Tabah ( Arabic: طَابَة) which is of similar meaning. Taybah and Tabah 8th century rock inscription discovered in Madinah, refers to the city as 'Taybah' According to Islamic tradition, Muhammad later forbade calling the city by this name. and is thus known to have been the name of the city up to the Battle of the Trench. The name has also been recorded in Āyah (verse) 13 of Surah (chapter) 33 of the Qur'an. The word Yathrib appears in an inscription found in Harran, belonging to the Babylonian king Nabonidus (6th century BCE) and is well attested in several texts in the subsequent centuries. Names Yathrib īefore the advent of Islam, the city was known as Yathrib ( Arabic: يَثْرِب, romanized: Yaṯrib pronounced ). The Saudi government has also carried out the destruction of several historical structures and archaeological sites, both in Medina and Mecca. In addition to visiting for Ziyarah, tourists come to visit the other prominent mosques and landmarks in the city that hold religious significance such as Mount Uhud, Al-Baqi' cemetery and the Seven Mosques among others. The region has been controlled by Jewish-Arabian tribes (up until the fifth century CE), the ʽAws and Khazraj (up until Muhammad's arrival), Muhammad and the Rashidun (622–660), the Umayyads (660–749), the Abbasids (749–1254), the Mamluks of Egypt (1254–1517), the Ottomans (1517–1805), the First Saudi State (1805–1811), Muhammad Ali Pasha (1811–1840), the Ottomans for a second time (1840–1918), the Sharifate of Mecca under the Hashemites (1918–1925) and finally is in the hands of the present-day Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (1925–present). Much like most of the Hejaz, Medina has seen numerous exchanges of power within its comparatively short existence. A larger portion of the Qur'an was revealed in Medina in contrast to the earlier Meccan surahs. Medina is home to three prominent mosques, namely al-Masjid an-Nabawi, Quba Mosque, and Masjid al-Qiblatayn, with the Quba Mosque being the oldest in Islam. 'nation')-composed of Medinan citizens ( Ansar) as well as those who immigrated with Muhammad ( Muhajirun), who were collectively known as the Sahabah-gained huge influence. Medina was the capital of a rapidly-increasing Muslim caliphate under Muhammad's leadership, serving as its base of operations and as the cradle of Islam, where Muhammad's umma ( lit. The city existed for over 1,500 years before Muhammad's migration from Mecca, known as the Hijrah. Saudi road signage uses Madinah and al-Madinah al-Munawwarah interchangeably.
'The City'), from which the English-language spelling of "Medina" is derived. 'The Enlightened City') before being simplified and shortened to its modern name, Madinah ( lit. 'City of the Prophet' or 'The Prophet's City') after Muhammad's death and later to al-Madinah al-Munawwarah ( lit. The original name of the city before the advent of Islam was Yathrib ( Arabic: يَثْرِب), and it is referred to by this name in Chapter 33 ( Al-Aḥzāb, lit. Observant Muslims usually visit his tomb, or rawdhah, at least once in their lifetime during a pilgrimage known as Ziyarat, although this is not obligatory. 'The Prophet's Mosque') is of exceptional importance in Islam and serves as burial site of the last Islamic prophet, Muhammad, by whom the mosque was built in 622 CE. The city is considered to be the second-holiest of three key cities in Islamic tradition, with Mecca and Jerusalem serving as the holiest and third-holiest cities respectively. Medina is generally considered to be the "cradle of Islamic culture and civilization". Located at the core of the Medina Province in the western reaches of the country, the city is distributed over 589 km 2 (227 sq mi), of which 293 km 2 (113 sq mi) constitutes the city's urban area, while the rest is occupied by the Hejaz Mountains, empty valleys, agricultural spaces and older dormant volcanoes.
One of the most sacred cities in Islam, the estimated population as of 2020 is 1,488,782, making it the fourth-most populous city in the country. Medina, officially Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah ( Arabic: المدينة المنورة, romanized: al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah, lit.'The Enlightened City', Hejazi pronunciation: ) and also commonly simplified as Madīnah or Madinah ( المدينة, al-Madina, Hejazi pronunciation: ), is the capital of Medina Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia.
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